Back in the days when motorcycles had carburetors starting it up was a matter of a kick-start. Repairs and upgrades were easy. However, the number of repairs needed to keep the bike running were plentiful. Updates such as altering the idle point or getting the fuel spot on were exhilarating in those days. The twist of a couple of screws could make for a whole new riding experience. However, those changes didn’t last long. Bikers had to make these adjustments repeatedly to maintain that same performance.
Today, there is ECU tuning. With ECU tuning, riders can change the factory settings on their bike with the push of a button. By reprogramming the electronic device that control’s the bike’s engine, riders can design a riding experience that suits their style.
What exactly is an ECU?
An Engine Control Unit, more commonly known as an ECU is essentially the brain of a motorcycle’s engine. The ECU is an electronic device that controls engine functions to ensure optimum performance and efficiency. Common things the ECU controls are:
- Air-fuel mixture.
- Fuel injection.
- Injecting timing.
- Idle speed control.
The bike’s ECU also controls throttle response, regulates operating temperature and helps lower emissions.
What is ECU Tuning?
Bike manufacturers use the ECU to manage settings that help meet government regulations for emissions and safety standards. Sometimes, those settings can be restrictive in terms of power and performance. ECU tuning is the perfect choice for those who want to improve the performance of their bike without expensive parts replacement. The list of options for tweaking the ECU is endless. Some of the more common options include removing thing such as:
- Low RPM restrictions
- Closed loop fuel maps
- Error codes when changing parts
Technicians make these updates using computer software or by using a standalone ECU tuning device. Using this technology, they can reprogram certain aspects of the device. Tuning is both an art and a science. The right tweaks can turn a lackluster bike into a smooth and powerful road machine that makes for an exciting new riding experience. However, it is essential for a technician to know the capabilities of what tuning can accomplish. Improper adjustments could damage the bike and render it inoperable.
Making Your Motorcycle’s ECU Better
The most common reasons to modify the ECU are to improve throttle response and increase horsepower. Specific adjustments are:
Fuel and Ignition Map Tweaks
Bike manufacturers are often bound by government regulations to control emissions. To do so, they often limit the amount of power going to the combustion chambers. It is a move that ultimately results in jerky or harsh power delivery at the throttle. Tweaking the fuel map can help make for smoother throttle response.
Remove Throttle Restrictions
The throttle restrictions on many bikes limit the available power at the back wheel of the bike. These restrictions are meant to increase rider safety. Limiting power at the back wheel helps less experienced riders better control the bike. For those with more experience, removing this restriction can give the bike more power.
Removing the Factory Fuel Cut Off
The factory fuel cutoff, also known as deceleration fuel cut-off (DFCO) limits fuel to the engine while braking. DFCO is an attempt to control emissions but often results in “twitchy” throttle transitions.
Running Lean
Running lean refers to the amount of fuel-to-air ration in the carburetor. When a motorcycle runs lean, the carburetor delivers more air than normal into the engine. While this can lead to improved throttle, it can damage the engine or piston if not done correctly.
How much does ECU tuning cost?
Prices for ECU tuning vary widely. The cost can range from as low as $200 to as high as $500. The price is mostly determined by the experience of the shop performing the turning. A hobbyist can easily purchase an ECU programming device and complete the tuning with ease. However, many hobbyists lack enough knowledge to do a proper job and can end up causing engine damage.
Where to Have Your ECU Tuned
Bikers should locate an authorized tuning center to have their ECU reprogrammed. A local shop can have the work done within a couple of hours. If there is no local shop, bikers can send their ECU to a programming center. When sending the ECU to a tuning center, it could take up to a week or more depending on how far it must be shipped. Regardless of the method chosen, bikers should ensure they will get a factory warranty when the job is complete.
As mentioned, while a less experienced technicians can get the job done, it does not come without risks. While it might be tempting to allow a less experienced person to do the job. Unfortunately, the lack of experience could lead to more damage than the cost of the programming itself. Not only that, riders may not get a warranty when dealing with a shop that doesn’t specialize in ECU tuning.
One way to ensure a quality job is to seek referrals from other riders. Bikers should seek recommendations from those who have had some of these tweaks performed. Not only can they offer a referral to a quality shop, but they can also advise if the upgrades were worth the money and effort.
How to Determine if ECU Tuning is Right for You
There is no definitive answer when deciding if ECU tuning is a good choice. Choosing to do so comes down to rider skill level and customizing a bike that meets their performance expectations. The factory settings in most bikes are great for most riders. These settings represent a compromise between fuel efficiency, performance and safety that offers an enjoyable ride.
Veteran riders, however, may find these settings too limiting. They may desire better response and performance from their bike. Such tweaks can give them the bike they desire. ECU tuning is also an excellent choice for those who have outgrown their motorcycle. Tuning can get them better performance without the need to buy a new bike or purchase expensive replacement parts. Bikers should keep in mind that ECU tuning is optional. As mentioned, factory settings are just fine for most riders. If the bike performs as expected and they are happy with the ride, leaving things as they are is perfectly acceptable.
